Prism hr hack8/12/2023 Bolsonaro’s approximation to the Trump administration ( Samuels 2019) marked a break with the strategy that had largely benefited Brazil economically from rising Chinese demand ( Fausto and Fausto 2014 Stuenkel 2020).ĭespite this recent fluctuation in Brazil’s foreign policy, the country has historically pursued an assiduously broad diplomacy, cultivating an international role as a constructive and cooperative partner to a wide range of states. This strategic narrative was relatively consistent until the Jair Bolsonaro presidency. Brazilian foreign policy up to and including this period can be summarized as a “traditional preference for non-confrontational politics, non-coercive strategies, and ideational resources of leadership – such as consensus building and persuasion” ( Rezende et al. Brazil’s international position was increasingly active and prominent under the presidencies of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff. In December 2021, several systems of the health ministry were taken down, among them the Conecte-SUS app that provides Brazilians with vaccination certificates (“Brazil health ministry website hit by hackers, vaccination data targeted.” 2021).īrazilian diplomacy aims to create a constructive national role within and beyond South America. More recently, the country’s infrastructure has also been targeted with cyber-attacks. It was estimated that, in 2018, there were 70 million victims of cybercrime, producing economic losses of US$20bn ( BNAmericas 2019), rendering Brazil the country second-worst affected by cybercrime ( BNAmericas 2020). The number of reported cyber incidents in Brazil has increased sharply since 2010, earning it the unwanted description as an “epicenter of a global cybercrime wave” ( Muggah and Thompson 2015). Edward Snowden’s (2013) revelations highlighted the national security value of improved communications and data security ( Harris 2015) as well as Brazil’s cyber vulnerabilities ( Greenwald and MacAskill 2013 Medeiros et al. The advent of cyber power – “the available human and material resources within a strategic environment that can be utilized to generate effects in and through cyberspace” ( Bebber 2017, 427) – creates both opportunities and challenges for Brazil’s ambitions of rising in international prominence.īrazil’s relatively benign position in traditional geopolitical relations is challenged by the operationalization of cyberspace, which subverts tradition perception of borders, territory, and sovereignty ( Medeiros and Goldoni 2020). For over 20 years, Brazil has enjoyed a relatively benign geostrategic position, amplified by a diplomatic strategy that emphasized Brazil’s role as a cooperative member of the international system. Brazil is the leading economic and military power in South America, a region characterized in the academic literature as “a unipolar zone of peace without major aggressive rivalries between Brazil and the secondary powers” ( Flemes and Wehner 2012).
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